Publications for Texas | Viewing 1-81 of 81. Most recent listed first. | |
2002 NSAF Data Editing and Imputation (Methodology Report)Author(s): Timothy TriplettThis report focuses on the data editing techniques and imputations that were unique to the 2002 NSAF data processing steps. It is a supplement to the 1997 and 1999 NSAF data editing reports (No. 10 in both series), and does not reiterate the data editing techniques, data processing, and coding guidelines documented in these prior reports.
| Posted: July 29, 2005 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Ebbing and Flowing (Policy Briefs/ANF:Issues and Options for States)Author(s): Ian Hill,
Brigette Courtot,
Jennifer SullivanState policymakers are using the flexibility built into Title XXI to manage their SCHIP programs, cutting or expanding as fiscal conditions permit. This conclusion is based on our third annual survey of SCHIP directors in the 13 ANF states, which explored the impacts of budget pressures on child health insurance policies in 2004. On the plus side, several states reversed previous cuts; for example, every ANF state that capped enrollment in 2003 lifted the cap in 2004. However, states kept many of their prior years' cuts in place during '04, and some imposed new restrictions.
| Posted: May 19, 2005 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Assessing the New Federalism--Eight Years Later (Research Report)Author(s): Olivia GoldenDramatic changes have occurred in the experience of low-income families, those who have been on welfare and those who haven't, since the mid-1990s. Assessing the New Federalism: Eight Years Later synthesizes much of what we've learned so far through intensive research, including a national survey of 40,000 American families, case studies, budgetary analysis, and a database of evolving state welfare rules. These findings offer a comprehensive picture of those leaving welfare and answer such questions as how many people recently off welfare are working and for how many hours.
| Posted: April 22, 2005 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Estimating Financial Support for Kinship Caregivers (Policy Briefs/NSAF)Author(s): Julie Murray,
Jennifer Ehrle Macomber,
Rob GeenIn this brief we examine levels of receipt for government payments that children in kinship care are eligible to receive. We find that children's receipt of financial assistance is still low given their eligibility. Many, if not most, families that could be eligible for the most generous payment, a foster payment, do not receive it. Children whose living situations make them ineligible for foster care payments have surprisingly low levels of receipt for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) child-only benefits, often their only source for financial assistance.
| Posted: December 21, 2004 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Weighting Procedures for the 2002 NSAF (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group,
Jeffrey S. PasselThis report describes the weighting procedures used in the 2002 NSAF, and aims to explain the weighting in heuristic steps that will make technical matter accessible. As one of the goals of NSAF is to produce estimates of change, Round 3 estimation is compared to estimation procedures in Rounds 1 and 2. Chapter 1 of this report is written for the general reader and describes the weighting and estimation process in broad stokes, including a general overview of the survey, the goals of weighting and some specifics about how it is carried out, a discussion of how the weights are best used and details on estimates of change. Subsequent chapters address base weights and nonresponse adjustments, national adjustments to control totals, and study area adjustments to control totals.
| Posted: November 16, 2004 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
NSAF Survey Methods and Data Reliability (Methodology Report)Author(s): Natalie Abi-Habib,
Adam Safir,
Timothy TriplettThis report in the Round Three Methodology Series provides readers with an introduction to the National Survey of America's Families, its sample design, data collection techniques, and estimation methods. An overview is also provided describing the survey's dual-frame design, the format of interviews, and the types of questions asked. In addition, the methods used to minimize errors and compensate for those that are unavoidable in data collection are described. Finally, the report presents information on the survey's resulting reliability--both in terms of sampling and nonsampling errors.
| Posted: September 03, 2004 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Access to Children's Mental Health Services under Medicaid and SCHIP (Policy Briefs/NSAF)Author(s): Embry M. HowellAt least 10 percent of low-income American children have emotional and behavioral problems. States have adopted widely different ways of financing and delivering children's mental health services. This brief provides new information on SCHIP coverage of mental health services, and on the prevalence of mental health problems among children by income and health insurance coverage. Since Medicaid and SCHIP cover most low-income children and provide relatively generous coverage of mental health compared with private insurance, they provide important access to child mental health services. Medicaid and SCHIP agencies could better assess and coordinate mental health services for low-income children.
| Posted: August 31, 2004 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Immigrants and TANF (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Karen C. Tumlin,
Wendy ZimmermannKey findings, based on case studies of New York, Los Angeles, and Houston, show that: immigrants and limited English speakers make up a significant share of those on welfare; many have significant barriers to work including less education and work history than natives; and immigrants on welfare are less likely to be working and more likely to be working in dead-end jobs. Job training programs often have English language requirements, limiting immigrants' access. The authors conclude that combining part-time work and language training can help immigrant welfare recipients move into jobs and off the welfare rolls.
| Posted: October 20, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Exploring State Variation in Uninsurance Rates among Low-Income Workers (Policy Briefs/NSAF)Author(s): Linda J. Blumberg,
Amy J. DavidoffUsing data from the 1999 National Survey of America's Families, this brief provides details of uninsurance among low-income workers in 13 states. States with relatively high rates of uninsurance among low-income workers tend to have greater than average proportions of: Hispanics (both citizens and noncitizens); workers in fair or poor health; and workers in agriculture and construction. The research did not find differences in uninsurance among low-income workers by employer size. The brief reviews uninsurance rates for low-income workers across 13 states by race/ethnicity/citizenship, health status, employer size, industry, and employment status.
| Posted: October 08, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
The Cost of Protecting Vulnerable Children (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): Rob Geen,
Roseana BessThis 50-state map highlights the percent change in state spending on abused and neglected children between state fiscal years 1998 and 2000. All but six states increased spending on child welfare during that period. Five states increased spending by more than 40 percent.
| Posted: April 25, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Changes in State Financing of Child Welfare Services 1998 - 2000 by Funding Source (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): Rob Geen,
Roseana BessThis 50-state table details changes in state spending on abused and neglected children between state fiscal years 1998 and 2000. It includes revenue from federal sources (Title IV-E, Title IV-B, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Social Security Block Grant, Medicaid, and Supplemental Security Income) and state and local spending. Collectively, states spent at least $20 billion on child welfare services in SFY 2000, a 20 percent increase from SFY 1998. The largest increase was seen in spending from federal funds, primarily TANF and Title IV-E, raising the federal share of total spending to 49 percent from 45 percent in SFY 1998.
| Posted: April 25, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
State Kinship Foster Care Licensing and Payment Policies (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): Rob GeenThis chart provides information on foster home licensing standards and procedures for all 50 states. Highlights include: Only 15 states require kin to meet the same licensing requirements as non-kin foster parents. In 23 states, child welfare agencies waive licensing standards (most often training) they require of all non-kin foster parents. 20 states (including 7 states that waive certain non-kin standards) have a separate, less stringent licensing process for kin than they have for non-kin.
| Posted: April 25, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Many Foster Parents are Related to the Child (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): Rob GeenMore than 2 million children in the U.S. were being cared for in homes in which their parents were not present. This table looks at how the child welfare agency is involved with the placement of these children.
| Posted: April 25, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Does the Health Care Safety Net Narrow the Access Gap? (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Brenda Spillman,
Stephen Zuckerman,
Bowen GarrettUsing data from the 1997 National Survey of America's Families and county-level data on local safety net conditions, the authors find little variation in utilization and access among low-income adults by local safety net conditions, but very large differences by insurance status, after controlling for individual demographic characteristics and health care market characteristics. This suggests that expanding insurance coverage would be a more effective tool for increasing health care use and access among low-income adults than expanding the safety net.
| Posted: April 25, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Getting Help with Child Care Expenses (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Linda Giannarelli,
Sarah Adelman,
Stefanie R. SchmidtData from the 1999 National Survey of America's Families examines the help families get paying for child care expenses. Twenty-nine percent of employed families with children under age 13 get help paying for care, or free care, from relatives, the government, private organizations, employers, non-resident parents, or other individuals. At least 14 percent of families get free child care from relatives, and at least 12 percent get free child care or pay lower bills due to help from the government or private organizations. The report examines the help received by families by income and family structure as well as expenses with and without preschool-aged children. The report updates earlier research on the incidence and amount of child care expenses. Despite the help they receive, low-income families paying for child care spend an average of 14 percent of their earnings to purchase that care. [View the corresponding press release]
| Posted: February 07, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Essential but Often Ignored (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Gina Adams,
Kathleen SnyderThough child care subsidies are essential to welfare reform, little is known about the child care providers upon whom the subsidy system depends. This report describes subsidy policies/practices that can affect providers--specifically how much they are paid and how they experience the subsidy system. It concludes that these policies may ultimately affect the willingness of providers to serve subsidized families, as well as their financial stability and quality. The research is based on qualitative data collected in 17 sites in 12 states in 1999 from child care administrators, key experts, child care subsidy caseworkers, and parents and child care providers in the subsidy system.
| Posted: February 01, 2003 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
The Continuing Evolution of State Kinship Care Policies (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Amy Jantz,
Rob Geen,
Roseana Bess,
Cynthia Andrews Scarcella,
Victoria RussellThis study presents the findings of a 2001 survey of state kinship foster care policies, a follow-up to those conducted in 1997 and 1999. The results show that many states are continuing to offer kin leeway in, or alternatives to, the traditional foster care licensing process, yet simultaneously striving to meet the safety requirements of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). Almost all states give preference to kin over non-kin foster parents, although states differ in how they assess and support kinship care families. Many states have instituted a stricter policy since the implementation of the ASFA final rule, and there are many kin caring for children in foster care who are not eligible to receive foster care payments.
| Posted: December 20, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
The Cost of Protecting Vulnerable Children III (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Roseana Bess,
Cynthia Andrews Scarcella,
Amy Jantz,
Victoria Russell,
Rob GeenResearchers asked child welfare administrators in all 50 states and DC how much they spent on child welfare programs in state fiscal year (SFY) 2000, how they spent the money, and where the money came from. States spent at least $20 billion on child welfare service in SFY 2000, a 20 percent increase from SFY 1998. The federal share of total spending increased to 49 percent from 45 percent in SFY 1998. Spurred by the Adoption and Safe Families Act, spending on adoptions, other services, and administration increased. Reliance on nondedicated federal funds (TANF, SSBG, and Medicaid) continued. State administrators expressed concern that budget deficits and declines in TANF funding for child welfare services since SFY 2000 may force cutbacks in an array of child welfare support services.
| Posted: December 18, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
SCHIP Dodges the First Budget Ax (Policy Briefs/ANF:Issues and Options for States)Author(s): Embry M. Howell,
Ian Hill,
Heidi KapustkaSCHIP Administrators and other officials in 13 states reported very few cutbacks in eligibility or benefits in fiscal year 2002 despite state budget deficits surpassing $36 billion. Only New Jersey restricted eligibility -- to parents, not children. None of the states cut its benefit package. Many states did reduce their outreach efforts reflecting the perception that people knew about the program. Reasons SCHIP was not cut back include: it addresses a vital need and works well; it is not an entitlement; its relatively small size (compared to Medicaid), its high federal matching rate, and its political popularity. SCHIP could fall under the budget ax in 2003 given continued enrollment growth, deepening state budget deficits, and an uncertain future for federal funding.
| Posted: December 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Five Things Everyone Should Know about SCHIP (Policy Briefs/ANF:Issues and Options for States)Author(s): Lisa Dubay,
Ian Hill,
Genevieve M. KenneyThis paper examines the State Children's Health Insurance Program on its five-year anniversary. Over two-thirds of states expanded income eligibility to at least 200 percent of poverty, 35 states created separate programs, and states invested unprecedented resources in outreach and streamlined enrollment procedures. SCHIP and Medicaid could cover 84 percent of low-income uninsured children. Following SCHIP, uninsurance has been reduced from 23.3 percent to 17.5 percent for children with incomes between 100 and 200 percent of poverty. For poor children, the uninsurance rate stagnated at 27 percent. Some challenges lie ahead for the program. SCHIP funds have been plentiful to date, but may run short over the next several years. Closing the remaining coverage gaps for children will require a number of Medicaid and SCHIP policy changes, including increasing enrollment efforts and extending eligibility to immigrant children. [View press release]
| Posted: October 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Reforming Welfare: Institutional Change and Challenges (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Karin Martinson,
Pamela A. HolcombBased on site visits to 17 cities in 13 states, the authors discuss welfare reform from an institutional perspective. Many of the welfare agencies studied expanded their message to emphasize employment and the temporary nature of welfare; developed new staffing patterns within the welfare office; forged relationships with workforce development agencies and nonprofit community-based organizations to promote work among welfare clients; and increased the use of performance-based contracting to manage these new relationships. The researchers attribute the significant level of change in welfare agencies since the enactment of welfare reform to three key factors: the existence of ample financial resources through the TANF block grant; more flexibility to spend these resources; and the need to deliver a broader range of employment services to a larger pool of recipients.
| Posted: July 31, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
States as Innovators in Low-Income Health Coverage (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteStates can be considered innovative in providing health insurance coverage to the extent that they expand coverage beyond the federally mandated minimums. Only a minority of states have seriously attempted to extend coverage beyond what are essentially levels required for Medicaid and SCHIP. These states have used considerable creativity in employing diverse funding streams and have fought many difficult political battles to achieve what they have. In contrast, most states have done relatively little to expand coverage beyond minimum federal requirements. This Fast Fact divides states into four groups, ranging from most to least innovative.
| Posted: July 31, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Rethinking Work Requirements (Series/Short Takes on Welfare Policy)Author(s): Alan WeilAny changes to work standards must factor in the job challenges many recipients still face and consider the pitfalls of mandatory engagement. Congress should phase out the caseload reduction credit, maintain the 30-hour workweek and 50 percent work participation standard, and restrict the definition of countable activities to work, education, and training.
| Posted: June 13, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Two-Parent Family Eligibility (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteTANF permits states to rescind provisions in their eligibility rules which penalize marriage.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
TANF Funding Formula Disadvantages Many States (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteLarge funding differences between the states in the TANF block grant relect the realities of the old welfare system and unfairly disadvantage many states.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Formal Diversion Programs (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteMore than half of the states have policies that allow families to receive a lump-sum payment rather than formally enroll in the cash assistance program.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Worst Case Sanctions (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteFor some families, TANF eligibility or TANF benefit levels may be affected by sanctions -- particularly sanctions for failure to comply with work-related requirements.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
State Policies on Lifetime Time Limits (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteWith the TANF program now in its sixth year, time limits will increasingly become a barrier to program eligibility.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Vehicle Asset Exemptions (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteIn all states, a family applying for TANF may still be ineligible for aid based on the number or value of the family's vehicles.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Initial TANF Income Eligibility Thresholds (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteUnder TANF there is extremely wide variation across the states in the maximum amount of earnings that a family can have and still become eligible for cash aid -- an amount referred to as the initial eligibility threshold.
| Posted: June 06, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
States as Innovators in Low-Income Health Coverage (Discussion Papers)Author(s): John Holahan,
Mary Beth PohlThe paper provides a typology of innovations which classifies all 50 states into four groups based on the extent to which they expanded coverage beyond required minimums. The policies in the 13 states with the most extensive coverage are described. The most innovative states have higher per capita incomes, higher education levels, larger urban populations, are less politically conservative, have the highest rate of public coverage, and lowest uninsurance rates.
| Posted: June 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
States' Use of Medicaid Maximization Strategies to Tap Federal Revenues (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Teresa A. Coughlin,
Stephen ZuckermanMedicaid provides states with a federal financial match for state dollars spent on health care services for low-income people. This report describes program expansions and revenue expansions states adapted to maximize federal Medicaid revenue. While the matching rate approach encouraged states to spend more on health care for low-income people than they would otherwise, it also provided incentives for states to find financial loopholes. Changes in Medicaid to address the financial integrity of Medicaid are addressed.
| Posted: June 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Variations among States in Health Insurance Coverage and Medical Expenditures (Discussion Papers)Author(s): John HolahanUninsurance rates vary among states by a factor of roughly two for low income populations and about three for non-elderly populations as a whole. While variation in state health insurance coverage may reflect state political preferences, it also affects people as Americans and thus raises national policy concerns. Variation in employer sponsored insurance (ESI) coverage has a direct affect on uninsurance rates and thus affects state health policy; states with low rates of ESI have huge problems to address. Public program coverage also determines uninsurance rates for low-income people. States with higher per capita incomes tend to spend more on Medicaid. States that spend more on Medicaid also have the highest levels of non-Medicaid health spending. States with high uninsurance rates have greater access problems and the greatest proportion of people in fair or poor health.
| Posted: June 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Should States Receive More Equal TANF Funding? (Series/Short Takes on Welfare Policy)Author(s): David MerrimanLarge funding differences reflect the realities of the old welfare system and unfairly disadvantage many states.
| Posted: May 20, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Health Policy for Low-Income People: Profiles of 13 States (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Amy Westpfahl Lutzky,
John Holahan,
Joshua M. WienerBased on site visit interviews with state officials, consumers, providers, and reviews of public documents and web sites, this report summarizes what happened to health care policy over the last few years in each of the following states: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. Among some of the general patterns found: Medicaid rolls dropped between 1995 and 1998 because of the improved economy and welfare reform, but have increased in more recent years. Welfare reform also allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility to families with much higher incomes than previously. States responded to the enactment of SCHIP in 1997 by expanding coverage for children in families with relatively high incomes.
| Posted: May 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Primary Child Care Arrangements of Employed Parents (Occasional Paper)Author(s): Freya L. Sonenstein,
Gary Gates,
Stefanie R. Schmidt,
Natalya BolshunNearly 20.5 million children with employed parents regularly spend time in child care each week, according to data from the 1997 and 1999 rounds of the National Survey of America’s Families. Three out of four children 4-years-old and younger, four out of five five-year-olds, and half of school-age children with employed .primary caretakers are regularly in non-parental care when they are not in school. An additional ten percent of school-age children are home alone or with a sibling younger than 13 while their primary caretaker is working. This report details the share of children in center-based care, family child care, relative care, nanny or babysitter care, before- and after-school programs, self care, and parent care. It also looks at how child care arrangements vary by state of residence, family structure, income, and age of child. Changes between 1997 and 1999 are examined.
| Posted: May 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Assessing the Relationship between Welfare Policies and Changes in Living Arrangements of Low-Income Families and Children in the Late 1990s (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Gregory Acs,
Sandi NelsonThis paper finds some evidence to suggest that state welfare policies and practices may have contributed to the decline in single parenting and the increase in dual parenting among low-income families in the late 1990s. Specifically, higher child support collection rates and family cap policies are associated with declines in single parenting and increases in dual parenting. Other state policies such as strict sanctions and special rules for two parent families have no clear consistent association with living arrangements. The analysis uses very basic measures of welfare policies and practices, examines their effects one at a time rather than in combination, and focuses on changes between 1997 and 1999.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Employment and Welfare Reform in the National Survey of America's Families (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Pamela J. Loprest,
Douglas A. WissokerThe 1996 passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) was the largest federal change in welfare policy in decades. The sweeping federal changes included replacing the old cash assistance program with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, making assistance temporary through a five-year time limit on federal benefit receipt, changing state funding to a block grant, increasing state program rule flexibility, and enhancing the emphasis on work. Because these changes were so fundamental, there is great need to understand their impact, particularly on the eve of the 5-year reauthorization of the act.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Medicaid Managed Care: State Flexibility in Action (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Robert E. Hurley,
Stephen ZuckermanThe past decade of dramatic growth in Medicaid managed care reveals much about how states and federal officials have worked together through the waiver granting process. States have successfully navigated the waiver process to implement managed care programs and several have introduced genuine innovations to enhance the operation and effectiveness of their Medicaid programs. States have generally proven themselves to be responsible, though at times overly ambitious, innovators. States have learned from one another and often draw on other states' earlier experiences in Medicaid managed care programs. Managed care innovation has been an especially challenging enterprise for states as providers enter and leave the health care market. Forays into managed care amplified variations in state Medicaid programs that would not have been possible without the waiver process.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Getting and Retaining Child Care Assistance (Research Report)Author(s): Gina Adams,
Kathleen Snyder,
Jodi SandfortFor low-income parents, getting and keeping child care subsidies can sometimes be so challenging that it undermines a key goal of the system, to work and stay off welfare. Families must do far more to get and keep their subsidies than has generally been recognized. They must apply for subsidies, periodically recertify their eligibility and report any changes in, for instance, job, income, child care provider, residence, or marital status. Most sites required parents to come into the office at least once, though some sites required them to come in repeatedly. Subsidy policies and how they were implemented in practice also did not always match. For instance, even in locations that required recertification every six months, caseworkers could require parents to recertify more often, particularly if the family experienced frequent job related changes. The research is based on interviews with state and local administrators and other experts, and focus groups with child care caseworkers, parents receiving subsidies, and child care providers in 12 states.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Recent Changes in Health Policy for Low-Income People in Texas (State Report)Author(s): Joshua M. Wiener,
Niall J. BrennanTexas has a substantial low-income population, high levels of uninsurance, and many foreign-born residents, largely from Mexico. Despite low taxes, the budget passed by the legislature in Spring 2001 included several health
care initiatives. These included Medicaid eligibility simplification for children, increased funding for the State Children's Health Insurance Program, higher reimbursement rates for nursing homes, and establishment of
a new system of health insurance for public school teachers. The declining economy may curtail further expansions, but, so far, the state has not suffered the extreme fiscal pressures that other states are experiencing.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Children's Participation in Medicaid and SCHIP (Policy Briefs)Author(s): Lisa Dubay,
Genevieve M. Kenney,
Jennifer M. HaleyIn 1999, 72 percent of Medicaid-eligible children and 45 percent of SCHIP-eligible children were participating in these programs. Medicaid and SCHIP participation rates varied significantly by state and some states have been able to achieve very high coverage rates for eligible children. Younger children, children with activity limitations, and black, non-Hispanic children were most likely to participate in Medicaid and SCHIP. Children in families with experience with welfare or with more positive
views about welfare were also more likely to participate. The data suggest that SCHIP made important inroads in covering children. As the welfare rolls shrink, Medicaid and SCHIP may face greater challenges in reaching uninsured
children. The analysis is based on the National Survey of America's Families and a detailed Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility model.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Children's Eligibility for Medicaid and SCHIP (Policy Briefs)Author(s): Lisa Dubay,
Jennifer M. Haley,
Genevieve M. KenneyUsing eligibility rules in place as of July 2000, 57 percent of uninsured children were eligible for Medicaid and an additional 26 percent were eligible for SCHIP. Only 23 percent of uninsured children were not eligible for public health insurance coverage. Among low-income uninsured children, only 16 percent were not eligible for Medicaid or SCHIP. The authors conclude that lack of eligibility for public health insurance coverage is no longer the reason for uninsurance for most children. The challenge for policymakers is to focus on eliminating other barriers to enrollment for the millions of eligible but uninsured children. The analysis is based on the National Survey of America's Families and a detailed Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility model.
| Posted: March 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Child Support Reforms in PRWORA (Discussion Papers)Author(s): Elaine Sorensen,
Helen OliverChild support reforms were an integral part of the 1996 welfare reform law. By strengthening child support enforcement, Congress intended to increase child support collections and thus improve the self-sufficiency of low-income families. This paper assesses whether the child support reforms enacted in 1996 improved child support outcomes during the initial years after enacting welfare reform. It uses a difference-in-difference-in-difference apprach with data from the 1997 and 1999 National Survey of America's Families. We find that some of the key child support reforms, notably new hire directories and improved paternity establishment procedures, have contributed to gains in child support outcomes among low- and middle-income children with a never-married mother, a group that has received little child support in the past.
| Posted: February 01, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Health Care Access for Uninsured Adults (Policy Briefs)Author(s): John Holahan,
Brenda SpillmanThe strength or weakness of a state's safety net does not affect the gap between the insured and uninsured in access to and use of health care services. With few exceptions, the gap in access and use was no larger in states with the most vulnerable safety nets than in states with the least
vulnerable safety nets. This report classified 13 states on safety net vulnerability and uses the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF) to measure access and utilization of health coverage. Regardless of the safety net's vulnerability, the uninsured in all states do have access to care and do use services, although the levels are well below those of the insured. While the gaps between the uninsured and the insured show little variation among states, low-income populations are better off in states where they are more likely to be insured.
| Posted: January 15, 2002 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Health Insurance, Access, and Use (State Data Profiles)Author(s): Matthew Fragale,
Jennifer M. HaleyBased on the 1999 National Survey of America’s Families, State Profiles of Health Insurance, Access and Use provide basic state-level data in easy-to-use tables. Tables describe the type of health insurance people have by age, income, gender, race/ethnicity, family structure, family work status, firm size (for workers), community type, and country of origin. State profiles also include characteristics of the uninsured including access to and utilization of health care services by low-income people.
| Posted: December 01, 2001 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Welfare Time Limits (Series/Fast Facts on Welfare Policy)Author(s): The Urban InstituteThe federal lifetime time limit for families receiving welfare went into effect as early as October 1, 2001, depending on when states implemented their new welfare plans. This map and calendar illustrate when lifetime limits go into effect in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
| Posted: October 23, 2001 | Availability: HTML |
Recent Changes in Texas Welfare and Work, Child Care, and Child Welfare Systems (State Report)Author(s): Randolph Capps,
Nancy M. Pindus,
Kathleen Snyder,
Jacob Leos-UrbelIn 1996 and 1997, the Urban Institute conducted case studies in 13 states that provided a baseline for understanding changes emerging from welfare reform. This set of state updates describes changes occurring between 1996-97 and 1999-2000 based on a second set of case studies completed in 1999 and 2000. Programs covered include income support through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, employment and training supports for low-income welfare and non-welfare families, child care, and child welfare. It also looks at interactions among these programs.
| Posted: June 01, 2001 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
State Child Care Profile for Children with Employed Mothers: Texas (State Data Profiles)Author(s): Kathleen Snyder,
Gina AdamsA report on child care in Texas, highlighting key child care patterns for children under 13 with employed mothers, including the primary child care arrangement and the number of arrangements that children are in, the hours children spend in child care, and the amount that families spend on child care, using the 1997 NSAF. Information is provided separately for children ages 0-2, 3-4, 6-9, and 10-12 and by income status.
| Posted: February 01, 2001 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1999 NSAF Collection of Papers (Methodology Report)Author(s): Tamara Black,
Kenneth Finegold,
Bowen Garrett,
Adam Safir,
Fritz Scheuren,
Kevin Wang,
Douglas A. Wissoker,
The Westat Group| Posted: January 01, 2001 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Survey Methods And Data Reliability, 1997 and 1999 (State Data Profiles)Author(s): Adam Safir,
Fritz Scheuren,
Kevin WangThe 1999 National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), like its 1997 counterpart, is a survey of the economic, health, and social characteristics of children, adults under the age of 65, and their families. NSAF data collection was conducted for the Urban Institute and Child Trends by Westat. Interviews in 1999 were obtained from over 42,000 households, yielding information on more than 109,000 persons under age 65. The scope and design of the 1997 survey was similar, with over 44,000 interviewed households and again about 109,000 nonelderly persons.
| Posted: November 03, 2000 | Availability: HTML |
1999 NSAF In-Person Survey Methods (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat GroupThis report is the fifth in a series describing the methodology of the 1999 National Survey of America's Families (NSAF). It describes processes used to complete the NSAF's in-person component, which was designed to augment the telephone survey with a sample of households without telephones.
| Posted: November 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF CPS Family Public Use File Documentation and Codebook with Undercount-Adjusted Weights (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Urban Institute,
Inc. Synetics for Management Decisions| Posted: November 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Social Family Public Use File Documentation and Codebook with Undercount-Adjusted Weights (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Urban Institute,
Inc. Synetics for Management Decisions| Posted: November 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Snapshots of America's Families II: Comparison of State Estimates to National Estimates, by Indicator and by Income (Series/Snapshots of America's Families II)Author(s): The Urban InstituteThis chart presents a summary of 1999 state estimates compared to 1999 national estimates for measures included in the October 2000 report, Snapshots of America's Families II. These findings are from the National Survey of America's Families, a survey of more than 42,000 households with and without telephones that are representative of the nation as a whole and of 13 states: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
| Posted: October 24, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Snapshots of America's Families II: State Changes between 1997 and 1999, by Indicator and by Income (Series/Snapshots of America's Families II)Author(s): The Urban InstituteThis chart presents a summary of 1999 state and national estimates compared to 1997 state and national estimates for measures included in the report, Snapshots of America's Families II (October 2000). These findings are from the National Survey of America's Families, a survey of more than 42,000 households with and without telephones that are representative of the nation as a whole and of 13 states: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
| Posted: October 24, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Snapshots of America's Families II: Data by State (Series/Snapshots of America's Families II)Author(s): The Urban InstituteThis chart presents a summary of findings from the report, Snapshots of America's Families II (October 2000). These data are from the National Survey of America's Families, a survey of more than 42,000 households with and without telephones. The sample is representative of the nation as a whole and of 13 states: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. In Alabama, 2301 households were surveyed in 1999.
| Posted: October 24, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1999 NSAF: Poverty By State (Series/Snapshots of America's Families II)Author(s): The Urban InstituteThis table presents estimates of the number of persons under age 65 whose family income places them above or below the 200% of the Federal Poverty level in 1999. Separate child (ages 0 to 17) and adult (ages 18 to 64) estimates are broken out for the nation as a whole and in 13 states: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
| Posted: October 24, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Impact of Census Undercount-Adjusted Weights on Survey Estimates (Methodology Report)Author(s): Fritz Scheuren,
Stefanie R. Schmidt,
Jeffrey Capizzano,
The Westat Group,
Sharon VandivereThis report completes the methodological discussion of 1997 NSAF estimation that was begun in report no. 3 in this series. Here our goal is to describe how we brought the 1997 NSAF up to census undercount-adjusted control totals. In report no. 3, a description was given of the first
estimation approaches used for the 1997 survey. (Report no. 3 also explains how we brought the survey up to census-level controls.)
| Posted: October 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Adults Without Health Insurance: Do State Policies Matter? (Article)Author(s): Brenda Spillman[© Health Affairs] Policy attention for the uninsured has focused recently on children, despite the fact that nonelderly adults represent about three-quarters of the uninsured. Nationally, adults are 40 percent more likely than children to be uninsured and less than half as likely to have public coverage. Although their approaches differ greatly, all states cover some adults through their
Medicaid programs, partially funded by a 50–77 percent federal match. Using data from the National
Survey of America's Families (NSAF), this paper examines how different state approaches affected the number of nonelderly adults who obtained public coverage in 1996.
| Posted: July 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Health Insurance, Access, and Use (State Data Profiles)Author(s): Jennifer M. Haley,
Stephen ZuckermanBased on the 1997 National Survey of America’s Families, State Profiles of Health Insurance, Access and Use provide basic state-level data in easy-to-use tables. Tables describe the type of health insurance people have by age, income, gender, race/ethnicity, family structure, family work status, firm size (for workers), community type, and country of origin. State profiles also include characteristics of the uninsured including access to and utilization of health care services by low-income people. There are separate profiles for each of the 13 states studied, as well as a national data set.
| Posted: July 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF MKA Public Use File Documentation and Codebook with Undercount-Adjusted Weights (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Urban Institute| Posted: June 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Non-MKA Public Use File Documentation and Codebook with Undercount-Adjusted Weights (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Harris Smith Institutes,
The Urban Institute| Posted: June 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Technical Papers (Methodology Report)Author(s): Niall J. Brennan,
Genevieve M. Kenney,
Shruti Rajan,
Fritz Scheuren,
Kevin Wang,
Stephen Zuckerman,
The Westat Group| Posted: March 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Child Public Use File with Undercount-Adjusted Weights (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Urban Institute,
The Harris Smith Institutes| Posted: March 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Non-MKA (Other Adult) Public Use File Documentation and Codebook (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Harris Smith Institutes,
The Urban Institute| Posted: January 01, 2000 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Questionnaire (Methodology Report)Author(s): Kevin Wang,
The Westat Group| Posted: October 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Questionnaire (Methodology Report)Author(s): Kevin Wang,
Sarah Dipko,
Nancy Vaden-Kiernan| Posted: September 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Survey Methods and Data Reliability (Methodology Report)Author(s): Genevieve M. Kenney,
Fritz Scheuren,
Kevin Wang| Posted: July 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF MKA Public Use File Documentation and Codebook (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group,
Fritz Scheuren| Posted: July 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Telephone Survey Methods (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group| Posted: April 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Child Public Use File Documentation and Codebook (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group,
Fritz Scheuren| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Sample Design (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Snapshot Survey Weights (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Variance Estimation (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF In-Person Survey Methods (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Early Nonresponse Studies (Methodology Report)Author(s): Douglas A. Wissoker| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
1997 NSAF Response Rates and Methods Evaluation (Methodology Report)Author(s): The Westat Group| Posted: March 01, 1999 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Income Support and Social Services for Low-Income People in Texas: Highlights from State Reports (State Highlight)Author(s): Nancy M. Pindus,
Randolph Capps,
L. Jerome Gallagher,
Linda Giannarelli,
Milda Saunders,
Robin E. SmithThere are two Highlights for each state. The income support and social services Highlights look at basic income support programs, employment and training programs, child care, child support enforcement, and the last-resort safety net. The Highlights capture policies in place and planned in 1996 and early 1997.
| Posted: August 01, 1998 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Assessing the New Federalism: An Introduction (Article)Author(s): Anna Kondratas,
Alan Weil,
Naomi Goldstein[© Health Affairs] Assessing the New Federalism (ANF) is a large multiyear research project of the Urban Institute that examines a broad spectrum of social policies, including health policy. The project is based on two premises. The first is that states are at the forefront of redesigning U.S. safety-net policy today, and, therefore, state variations are important to document and understand. The second premise of ANF is that the recent state and federal social policy changes are significant and will affect all low-income Americans and not just welfare or Medicaid recipients.
| Posted: May 01, 1998 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
Health Policy for Low-Income People in Texas (State Highlight)Author(s): Joshua M. Wiener,
Alison Evans,
Crystal Kuntz,
Margaret B. SulvettaThere are two Highlights for each state. The Highlights that focus on health cover Medicaid, other public insurance programs, the health care marketplace, and the role of public providers. The Highlights capture policies in place and planned in 1996 and early 1997.
| Posted: March 01, 1998 | Availability: HTML | PDF |
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