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Health Insurance and Labor Markets: Concepts, Open Questions, and Data Needs (Occasional Paper)
Author(s): Bowen Garrett, Michael Chernew

This paper reviews the recent economic research on the relationship between health insurance and labor markets in the United States, with an emphasis on research that has emerged since existing major reviews and the aim of identifying the types of data that are needed for this research to progress. We focus on the conceptual and empirical challenges that researchers face in studying these relationships, the data that have allowed this research to proceed, policy-relevant questions that need further study, and the types of data that would help in obtaining better answers to these questions. Inquiry, vol. 45, number 1, Spring 2008, pp. 30-57

Posted: July 03, 2008

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Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement (CALDER Working Paper)
Author(s): Mary A. Burke, Tim Sass

Using a unique longitudinal dataset from Florida, we analyze the impact of classroom peers on individual student performance. Focusing on the influence of peers' fixed characteristics on individual test score gains, we control simultaneously for student and teacher fixed effects. We find some sizable, significant peer effects within nonlinear models, but not with linear specifications. We find peer effects depend on a student's own ability and on the ability of the peers under consideration. Peer effects tend to be smaller when teacher fixed effects are included, a result that suggests co-movement of peer and teacher quality within a student over time.

Posted: June 27, 2008

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Reinsurance in State Health Reform (Research Report)
Author(s): Randall R. Bovbjerg, Bowen Garrett, Lisa Clemans-Cope, Paul Masi

The Reinsurance Institute provided quantitative modeling and qualitative analysis to states as they explored reinsurance as an element of health reform. The project estimated the impacts of reinsurance, including changes in premiums, employer offer and enrollee take-up of coverage, numbers of people insured, and costs to the state. Small numbers of high spenders account for a large share of health spending, but most spending occurs in lower corridors of expense. Medical spending varies widely by age and health status, creating pressure for risk segmentation. Lastly, defining the eligible population determined whether reinsurance would cover new enrollees or solidify current coverage.

Posted: June 09, 2008

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The Urban Institute's Microsimulation Model for Reinsurance (Research Report)
Author(s): Bowen Garrett, Lisa Clemans-Cope, Randall R. Bovbjerg, Paul Masi

The Reinsurance Institute simulated the effects of reinsurance on individual and employer behavior, observing state-specific characteristics. We constructed a baseline database for each state by reweighting and combining multiple data sources to create a profile of individual-level demographics and health expenditures, allowing for the computation of individual-level premiums. We grouped health insurance units together into risk pools consistent with state market rules to calculate the change a reinsurance subsidy would have on the premium levels faced by individuals and employers. These price changes drove simulated changes in premium and coverage levels, offer and take-up rates, and state costs.

Posted: June 09, 2008

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Welfare Rules Databook: State TANF Policies as of July 2004 (Research Report)
Author(s): Gretchen Rowe, Mary Murphy, Meghan Williamson

The Welfare Rules Databook, provides tables containing key Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policies for each state as of July 2004, as well as longitudinal tables describing selected state policies from 1996 through 2004. The tables are based on the information in the Welfare Rules Database (WRD), a publicly available, online database tracking state cash assistance policies over time and across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Databook summarizes a subset of the information in the WRD. Users interested in a greater level of detail are encouraged to use the full database, available at http://anfdata.urban.org/wrd.

Posted: May 29, 2008

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Welfare Rules Databook: State TANF Policies as of July 2006 (Research Report)
Author(s): Gretchen Rowe, Mary Murphy

The Welfare Rules Databook, provides tables containing key Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policies for each state as of July 2006, as well as longitudinal tables describing selected state policies from 1996 through 2006. The tables are based on the information in the Welfare Rules Database (WRD), a publicly available, online database tracking state cash assistance policies over time and across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Databook summarizes a subset of the information in the WRD. Users interested in a greater level of detail are encouraged to use the full database, available at http://anfdata.urban.org/wrd.

Posted: May 29, 2008

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Welfare Rules Databook: State TANF Policies as of July 2005 (Research Report)
Author(s): Gretchen Rowe, Mary Murphy, Meghan Williamson

The Welfare Rules Databook, provides tables containing key Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policies for each state as of July 2005, as well as longitudinal tables describing selected state policies from 1996 through 2005. The tables are based on the information in the Welfare Rules Database (WRD), a publicly available, online database tracking state cash assistance policies over time and across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Databook summarizes a subset of the information in the WRD. Users interested in a greater level of detail are encouraged to use the full database, available at http://anfdata.urban.org/wrd.

Posted: May 29, 2008

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Facts and Figures from the Nonprofit Almanac 2008 (Policy Briefs/In Brief)
Author(s): Amy Blackwood, Kennard Wing, Thomas H. Pollak

This brief highlights trends from the seventh edition of "The Nonprofit Almanac 2008", prepared by the National Center for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute. The Almanac is the latest in the Urban Institute's series of statistical profiles of the nonprofit sector and focuses primarily on 501(c)(3) public charities. We also highlight key findings on private charitable contributions and volunteering, two vital components of the nonprofit sector. This brief includes the most recent available data (2005 and 2006).

Posted: May 12, 2008

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Catalog of Administrative Data Sources for Neighborhood Indicators (Document)
Author(s): Claudia J. Coulton

The data used to craft neighborhood indicators often come from the records of administrative agencies. These are particularly useful for community indicators because they are timelier or can be applied to smaller areas than government surveys. This monograph describes 42 of these data sources. It begins with a brief section on recent developments in neighborhood indicators work, followed by a discussion of some of the challenges of using administrative records data for these purposes. The main body of the monograph is a catalog that describes the sources and gives examples of the types of indicators that can be constructed from each.

Posted: January 30, 2008

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Cultural Vitality in Communities: Interpretation and Indicators (Research Report)
Author(s): Maria Rosario Jackson, Florence Kabwasa-Green, Joaquin Herranz

This report introduces a definition of cultural vitality that includes the range of cultural activity people around the country find significant. We use this definition as a lens to clarify our understanding of data necessary, as well as the more limited data currently available, to document arts and culture in communities in a consistent, recurrent and reliable manner. We develop and recommend an initial set of arts and culture indicators derived from nationally available data, and compare selected metropolitan areas based on these measures. Policy and planning implications for use of the cultural vitality definition and related measures are discussed.

Posted: December 15, 2006

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